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Inheritance & Polymorphism help

bandora (9)
Hi everyone,

I am going to be flat out honest with you guys. My brain is totally fried and all I type now is just a bunch of words.. :/

I have a quiz due soon and I decided to go over the top for some odd reason, but I started it now and I want to finish it lol..

Long story short, the quiz's instructions says basically to create any program that uses Inheritance and Polymorphism and I decided to make a small turn based game, but that kind of turned horribly wrong..

Here's the code so you can see what I am talking about..

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// Polymorphism and Inheritance

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <time.h>

using namespace std;

class Entity
{	
protected:
	int health;

public:
	Entity()
	{
		health = 100;
	}
	virtual void Attack()
	{
		cout << "Attack: " << endl;
	}
	friend bool operator < (Entity player, Entity enemy)
	{
		if (player.health <= 0 || enemy.health <= 0)
			return false;
		else if (player.health >= 0 || enemy.health >= 0)
			return true;
	}

	void SetHealth(int value)
	{
		health = value;
	}

	void DisplayHealth()
	{
		cout << health;
	}

	void Random()
	{
		double simNum = (static_cast<double> (rand()) / (RAND_MAX));
		if(simNum < RAND_MAX) // If the random number is less than the accuracy...
		{
			health - 10;
			cout << "Hit 10 dmg!" << endl;
		}
		else
		{
			cout << "Miss!" << endl;
		}
	}
};

class Player : public Entity
{
private:
	int number;
	string name;
	bool playerAlive;

public:
	void SetName(string player)
	{
		getline(cin, player);
		name = player;
	}

	void DisplayName()
	{
		cout << name;
	}

	void Attack()
	{
		this->Random();
		//cout << "Player Attack: " << atkPow << endl;
	}
};

class Enemy : public Entity
{
	void Damage()
	{
		this->Random();
		cout << health << endl;
	}
	void Attack()
	{
		cout << "Player Attack: " << endl;
	}
};

int main()
{
	srand(time(0)); // Random seed (based on time).

	Player players;
	Enemy enemies;
	//Entity *entity = &player;
	Entity *player = new Player;
	Entity *enemy = new Enemy;


	string name;
	char again = 'y';

	cout << "Enter your player's name: ";
	players.SetName(name);
	cout << "Hello ";
	players.DisplayName();
	cout << "! " << "You start with ";
	players.DisplayHealth();
	cout << "HP." << endl;
	
	// What is the player's health.
	//player->SetHealth(100);
	//->DisplayHealth();

	// Display Enemy information
	cout << "Your enemy has ";
	enemies.DisplayHealth();
	cout << "HP.\n" << endl;

	while (again == 'y' || again == 'Y')
	{
		// What is the attack power.
		//player->SetAtkPower(10);
		player->Attack();

		if (enemies < players)
		{
			cout << "Player wins" << endl;
		}
		else if (players < enemies)
		{
			cout << "You lose" << endl;
		}

		cout << "Enter 'y' to continue, or 'n' to exit: ";
		cin >> again;
	}

	if (again == 'n' || again == 'N')
	{
		cout << "\nThanks for playing." << endl;
	}

	else
	{
		cout << "Not a valid entry. Try again." << endl;
		cout << "Enter 'y' to continue, or 'n' to exit: ";
		cin >> again;
	}


	system("pause");
	return 0;
}


So one of the big problems is that the rand function isn't working properly, which it should either get the player and the enemy to either hit or miss, then switches to the next player.. So like if the player decided to continue (shoot) then he will either hit or miss, if it's a hit then the other will get a 10 dmg hit and the goal is to whoever ends up dying the other person wins (whether the computer or the player).. meh...

EDIT: There's some redundant code in there because I'm trying to do different things but keep on failing lol..

EDIT2: I don't even know if I'm doing polymorphism right.. :/
Last edited on
bandora (9)
Ok so changed the code a bit, got the rand to work finally.. But I am having lots of issues, I can't even run the program.. D:

Here's the new code:

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// Polymorphism and Inheritance

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <time.h>

using namespace std;

class Entity
{	
public:
	int health;
	Entity()
	{
		health = 100;
	}
	//virtual void Attack()
	//{
	//	cout << "Attack: " << endl;
	//}
	friend bool operator < (Entity player, Entity enemy)
	{
		if (player.health <= 0 || enemy.health <= 0)
			return false;
		else if (player.health >= 0 || enemy.health >= 0)
			return true;
	}

	void SetHealth(int value)
	{
		health = value;
	}

	void DisplayHealth()
	{
		cout << health;
	}

	double Random()
	{
		//double randNum = (static_cast<double> (rand()%100 + 1) / (RAND_MAX));
		double randNum = rand()%100 + 1;
	
		return randNum;
	}
};

class Player : public Entity
{
private:
	string name;
	bool playerAlive;

public:
	void SetName(string player)
	{
		getline(cin, player);
		name = player;
	}

	void DisplayName()
	{
		cout << name;
	}

	void Attack(Enemy enemy)
	{
		double randNum = this->Random();
		//cout << "Player Attack: " << atkPow << endl;
		if(randNum < 50) // If the random number is less than the accuracy...
		{
			enemy.health -= 10;
			cout << "Hit 10 dmg!" << endl;
		}
		else
		{
			cout << "Miss!" << endl;
		}
	}
};

class Enemy : public Entity
{
public:
	void Damage(Player player)
	{
		double randNum = this->Random();
		cout << health << endl;
		if(simNum < 50) // If the random number is less than the accuracy...
		{
			player.health -= 10;
			cout << "Hit 10 dmg!" << endl;
		}
		else
		{
			cout << "Miss!" << endl;
		}
	}
	void Attack()
	{
		this->Random();
	}
};

int main()
{
	srand(time(0)); // Random seed (based on time).

	Player player;
	Enemy enemy;
	//Entity *entity = &player;
	//Entity *player = new Player;
	//Entity *enemy = new Enemy;


	string name;
	char again = 'y';

	cout << "Enter your player's name: ";
	player.SetName(name);
	cout << "Hello ";
	player.DisplayName();
	cout << "! " << "You start with ";
	player.DisplayHealth();
	cout << "HP." << endl;
	
	// What is the player's health.
	//player->SetHealth(100);
	//->DisplayHealth();

	// Display Enemy information
	cout << "Your enemy has ";
	enemy.DisplayHealth();
	cout << "HP.\n" << endl;

	while (again == 'y' || again == 'Y')
	{
		// What is the attack power.
		//player->SetAtkPower(10);
		player.Attack(enemy);

		if (enemy < player)
		{
			cout << "Player wins" << endl;
		}
		else if (player < enemy)
		{
			cout << "You lose" << endl;
		}

		cout << "Enter 'y' to continue, or 'n' to exit: ";
		cin >> again;
	}

	if (again == 'n' || again == 'N')
	{
		cout << "\nThanks for playing." << endl;
	}

	else
	{
		cout << "Not a valid entry. Try again." << endl;
		cout << "Enter 'y' to continue, or 'n' to exit: ";
		cin >> again;
	}


	system("pause");
	return 0;
}
Last edited on
bandora (9)
Anyone help please? :S
Smac89 (1727)
No more errors, but I think you want the enemy to attack?

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// Polymorphism and Inheritance

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <time.h>

using namespace std;

class Entity
{	
public:
	int health;
	Entity()
	{
		health = 100;
	}
	//virtual void Attack()
	//{
	//	cout << "Attack: " << endl;
	//}
	friend bool operator < (Entity player, Entity enemy)
	{
		if (player.health <= 0 || enemy.health <= 0)
			return false;
		else if (player.health >= 0 || enemy.health >= 0)
			return true;
	}

	void SetHealth(int value)
	{
		health = value;
	}

	void DisplayHealth()
	{
		cout << health;
	}

	double Random()
	{
		//double randNum = (static_cast<double> (rand()%100 + 1) / (RAND_MAX));
		double randNum = rand()%100 + 1;

		return randNum;
	}
};

class Player : public Entity
{
private:
	string name;
	bool playerAlive;

public:
	void SetName(string player)
	{
		getline(cin, player);
		name = player;
	}

	void DisplayName()
	{
		cout << name;
	}

	void Attack(Entity enemy)
	{
		double randNum = this->Random();
		//cout << "Player Attack: " << atkPow << endl;
		if(randNum < 50) // If the random number is less than the accuracy...
		{
			enemy.health -= 10;
			cout << "Hit 10 dmg!" << endl;
		}
		else
		{
			cout << "Miss!" << endl;
		}
	}
};

class Enemy : public Entity
{
public:
	void Damage(Entity player)
	{
		double randNum = this->Random();
		cout << health << endl;
		if(randNum < 50) // If the random number is less than the accuracy...
		{
			player.health -= 10;
			cout << "Hit 10 dmg!" << endl;
		}
		else
		{
			cout << "Miss!" << endl;
		}
	}
	void Attack()
	{
		this->Random();
	}
};

int main()
{
	srand(time(0)); // Random seed (based on time).

	Player player;
	Enemy enemy;
	//Entity *entity = &player;
	//Entity *player = new Player;
	//Entity *enemy = new Enemy;


	string name;
	char again = 'y';

	cout << "Enter your player's name: ";
	player.SetName(name);
	cout << "Hello ";
	player.DisplayName();
	cout << "! " << "You start with ";
	player.DisplayHealth();
	cout << "HP." << endl;

	// What is the player's health.
	//player->SetHealth(100);
	//->DisplayHealth();

	// Display Enemy information
	cout << "Your enemy has ";
	enemy.DisplayHealth();
	cout << "HP.\n" << endl;

	while (again == 'y' || again == 'Y')
	{
		// What is the attack power.
		//player->SetAtkPower(10);
		player.Attack(enemy);

		if (enemy < player)
		{
			cout << "Player wins" << endl;
		}
		else if (player < enemy)
		{
			cout << "You lose" << endl;
		}

		cout << "Enter 'y' to continue, or 'n' to exit: ";
		cin >> again;
		again |= 32;


		while (again != 'n' && again != 'y')
		{
			cout << "Not a valid entry. Try again." << endl;
			cout << "Enter 'y' to continue, or 'n' to exit: ";
			cin >> again;
		}
	}
	
	cout << "\nThanks for playing." << endl;


	system("pause");
	return 0;
}
bandora (9)
Thank you for taking the time to help me out! And yes correct, the enemy should attack the player with the same setup as the player (same random), and in the end whoever dies first the other wins.. I am still trying to figure this part out..

I am open to any suggestions/help from anyone btw.. :D

EDIT: So now the HP goes down by 10 when it's the first hit, but after the first hit it stays at 90 (even if there's another hit).. Any idea why? Here's the updated code.. Shouldn't the enemy.health -= 10 for example keep on reducing 10 everytime there's a hit?

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// Polymorphism and Inheritance

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <time.h>

using namespace std;

class Entity
{	
public:
	int health;

	Entity()
	{
		health = 100;
	}

	friend bool operator < (Entity player, Entity enemy)
	{
		if (player.health <= 0 || enemy.health <= 0)
			return false;
		else if (player.health >= 0 || enemy.health >= 0)
			return true;
	}

	void SetHealth(int value)
	{
		health = value;
	}

	void DisplayHealth()
	{
		cout << health;
	}

	double Random()
	{
		double randNum = rand()%100 + 1;

		return randNum;
	}
};

class Player : public Entity
{
private:
	string name;

public:
	void SetName(string player)
	{
		getline(cin, player);
		name = player;
	}

	void DisplayName()
	{
		cout << name;
	}

	void Attack(Entity enemy)
	{
		double randNum = this->Random();

		if(randNum < 50) // If the random number is less than the accuracy...
		{
			enemy.health -= 10;
			cout << "You hit the enemy with 10 dmg!" << endl;

			// What is the enemy's HP after the player attacks?
			cout << "Enemy's HP is now: ";
			enemy.DisplayHealth();
			cout << "HP.\n" << endl;
		}
		else
		{
			cout << "You missed!" << endl;
		}
	}
};

class Enemy : public Entity
{
public:
	//void Damage(Entity player)
	//{
	//	double randNum = this->Random();
	//	cout << health << endl;
	//	if(randNum < 50) // If the random number is less than the accuracy...
	//	{
	//		player.health -= 10;
	//		cout << "You hit the enemy with 10 dmg!" << endl;
	//	}
	//	else
	//	{
	//		cout << "You missed!\n" << endl;
	//	}
	//}
	void Attack(Entity player)
	{
		double randNum = this->Random();

		if(randNum < 50) // If the random number is less than the accuracy...
		{
			player.health -= 10;
			cout << "The enemy hit you with 10 dmg!" << endl;

			// What is the player's HP after the enemy attacks?
			cout << "Your HP is now: ";
			player.DisplayHealth();
			cout << "HP.\n" << endl;
		}
		else
		{
			cout << "The enemy has missed!\n" << endl;
		}
	}
};

int main()
{
	srand(time(0)); // Random seed (based on time).

	Player player;
	Enemy enemy;

	string name;
	char again = 'y';

	cout << "Enter your player's name: ";
	player.SetName(name);
	cout << "Hello ";
	player.DisplayName();
	cout << "! " << "You start with ";
	player.DisplayHealth();
	cout << "HP." << endl;

	// Display Enemy information
	cout << "Your enemy has ";
	enemy.DisplayHealth();
	cout << "HP.\n" << endl;

	while (again == 'y' || again == 'Y')
	{
		// Player attack.
		player.Attack(enemy);

		// Enemy attack.
		cout << "Enemy's turn: ";
		enemy.Attack(player);

		if (enemy < player)
		{
			cout << "Player wins" << endl;
		}
		else if (player < enemy)
		{
			cout << "You lose" << endl;
		}
		else
		{
			cout << "It's a draw!" << endl;
		}

		cout << "Enter 'y' to continue, or 'n' to exit: ";
		cin >> again;
		again |= 32;


		while (again != 'n' && again != 'y')
		{
			cout << "Not a valid entry. Try again." << endl;
			cout << "Enter 'y' to continue, or 'n' to exit: ";
			cin >> again;
		}
	}
	
	cout << "\nThanks for playing." << endl;


	system("pause");
	return 0;
}
Last edited on
doug4 (1535)
When you attack, you are passing player by value, which means the entitybeing attacked is copied into the function. The original player is left unchanged. Change the definition of Attack to

void Attack(Entity& player)

Edit: Both versions of Attack should be changed, not just the Enemy version. By the way, why didn't you just combine the Attack functions into one in the base class?
Last edited on
bandora (9)
Thanks doug! I honestly didn't know how to do that so I just did it this way.. :S
bandora (9)
Woohoo! I got the program to work!

I have one tiny problem though that I need help with please. The problem is if the player chooses to not continue while both player's health and enemy's health is the same, it should say "It's a draw!"... Instead it says "You won!!!" How can I get it to say "It's a draw!"?

Here's my updated code:

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// Polymorphism and Inheritance

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <time.h>

using namespace std;

class Entity
{
protected:
	string name;

public:
	int health;

	Entity()
	{
		health = 100;
	}

	friend bool operator == (Entity player, Entity enemy)
	{
		if (player.health == enemy.health)
			return true;
		//else
			//return false;
	}

	friend bool operator == (Entity obj, int x) // Polymorphism (I think)
	{
		if (obj.health == x)
			return true;
		else
			return false;
	}

	friend bool operator > (Entity player, Entity enemy)
	{
		if (player.health > enemy.health)
			return true;
		else if (player.health < enemy.health)
			return false;
	}

	friend bool operator < (Entity player, Entity enemy)
	{
		if (player.health > enemy.health)
			return false;
		else if (player.health < enemy.health)
			return true;
	}

	void SetHealth(int value)
	{
		health = value;
	}

	void DisplayHealth()
	{
		cout << health;
	}

	double Random()
	{
		double randNum = (rand() % 100 + 1);

		return randNum;
	}
};

class Player : public Entity
{
public:
	void SetName(string player)
	{
		getline(cin, player);
		name = player;
	}

	void DisplayName()
	{
		cout << name;
	}

	void Attack(Entity& enemy)
	{
		double randNum = this->Random();

		if(randNum < 50) // If the random number is less than the accuracy...
		{
			enemy.health -= 10;
			cout << "You hit the enemy with 10 dmg!\n" << endl;

			// What is the enemy's HP after the player attacks?
			cout << "Enemy's HP is now: ";
			enemy.DisplayHealth();
			cout << " HP.\n" << endl;
		}
		else
		{
			cout << "You missed!\n" << endl;
		}
	}
};

class Enemy : public Entity
{
public:
	void Attack(Entity& player)
	{
		double randNum = this->Random();

		if(randNum < 50) // If the random number is less than the accuracy...
		{
			player.health -= 10;
			cout << "The enemy hit you with 10 dmg!" << endl;

			// What is the player's HP after the enemy attacks?
			cout << "Your HP is now: ";
			player.DisplayHealth();
			cout << " HP.\n" << endl;
		}
		else
		{
			cout << "The enemy has missed!\n" << endl;
		}
	}
};

int main()
{
	srand(time(0)); // Random seed (based on time).

	Player player;
	Enemy enemy;

	string name;
	char again = 'y';

	cout << "Enter your player's name: ";
	player.SetName(name);
	cout << "Hello ";
	player.DisplayName();
	cout << "! " << "You start with ";
	player.DisplayHealth();
	cout << " HP." << endl;

	// Display Enemy information
	cout << "Your enemy has ";
	enemy.DisplayHealth();
	cout << " HP.\n" << endl;

	while (again == 'y' || again == 'Y')
	{
		// Player attack.
		player.Attack(enemy);

		// Enemy attack.
		cout << "Enemy's turn: ";
		enemy.Attack(player);

		if (enemy == 0 || player == 0)
			break;

		cout << "Enter 'y' to continue shooting, or 'n' to exit: ";
		cin >> again;
		again |= 32;

		while (again != 'n' && again != 'y')
		{
			cout << "Not a valid entry. Try again." << endl;
			cout << "Enter 'y' to continue shooting, or 'n' to exit: ";
			cin >> again;
		}
	}

	cout << "\nResults:" << endl;
	player.DisplayName();
	cout << " \b has: ";
	player.DisplayHealth();
	cout << " HP." << endl;
	cout << "The enemy has: "; 
	enemy.DisplayHealth();
	cout << " HP." << endl;

	if (player > enemy)
	{
		cout << "\nYou win!!!" << endl;
	}
	else if (player < enemy)
	{
		cout << "\nYou lose!" << endl;
	}
	else if (player == enemy)
	{
		cout << "\nIt's a draw!" << endl;
	}
	
	cout << "\nThanks for playing." << endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}
Last edited on
vas90 (2)
Hi bandora,

I probably wouldn't use the friendship in this matter, a Entity class should be created as an object - you would want the Entity class just to be derived from - more so as an interface - also you can easily make the operators templated.

bandora (9)
Hello vas90, thank you for replying back.. But would you care to elaborate please? I don't fully understand what you mean.. Do you mean I shouldn't overload the boolean? Also, I'm still learning and at this point this is what I've learned so far from the class; like I really don't know how to do it in an other way..

The only problem that I am having right now is that it doesn't say It's a draw if the player decides to end the game and both player and enemy have the same hp.. It just says that the player won..
doug4 (1535)
Your overloaded operators should look like this:

 
 
bool operator==(const Entity& other) { return (health == other.health); }


When you are checking '>' and '<', make sure your functions account for equal values. Right now your code just fall through and returns something that may not be correct. You could probably get away with:

 
 
bool operator<(const Entity& other) { return (health < other.health);

Last edited on
bandora (9)
Awesome!!! That definitely helped! doug you are a life saver! :) Thanks again.

Here's the updated code, hopefully it will help someone in the future just like how you guys helped me!

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// Polymorphism and Inheritance

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <time.h>

using namespace std;

class Entity
{
protected:
	string name;

public:
	int health;

	Entity()
	{
		health = 100;
	}

	bool operator == (const Entity& other)
	{
		return (health == other.health);
	}

	friend bool operator == (Entity obj, int x) // Polymorphism (I think)
	{
		if (obj.health == x)
			return true;
		else
			return false;
	}

	bool operator > (const Entity& other)
	{
		return (health > other.health);
	}

	bool operator < (const Entity& other)
	{
		return (health < other.health);
	}

	void SetHealth(int value)
	{
		health = value;
	}

	void DisplayHealth()
	{
		cout << health;
	}

	double Random()
	{
		double randNum = (rand() % 100 + 1);

		return randNum;
	}
};

class Player : public Entity
{
public:
	void SetName(string player)
	{
		getline(cin, player);
		name = player;
	}

	void DisplayName()
	{
		cout << name;
	}

	void Attack(Entity& enemy)
	{
		double randNum = this->Random();

		if(randNum < 50) // If the random number is less than the accuracy...
		{
			enemy.health -= 10;
			cout << "You hit the enemy with 10 dmg!\n" << endl;

			// What is the enemy's HP after the player attacks?
			cout << "Enemy's HP is now: ";
			enemy.DisplayHealth();
			cout << " HP.\n" << endl;
		}
		else
		{
			cout << "You missed!\n" << endl;
		}
	}
};

class Enemy : public Entity
{
public:
	void Attack(Entity& player)
	{
		double randNum = this->Random();

		if(randNum < 50) // If the random number is less than the accuracy...
		{
			player.health -= 10;
			cout << "The enemy hit you with 10 dmg!" << endl;

			// What is the player's HP after the enemy attacks?
			cout << "Your HP is now: ";
			player.DisplayHealth();
			cout << " HP.\n" << endl;
		}
		else
		{
			cout << "The enemy has missed!\n" << endl;
		}
	}
};

int main()
{
	srand(time(0)); // Random seed (based on time).

	Player player;
	Enemy enemy;

	string name;
	char again = 'y';

	cout << "Enter your player's name: ";
	player.SetName(name);
	cout << "Hello ";
	player.DisplayName();
	cout << "! " << "You start with ";
	player.DisplayHealth();
	cout << " HP." << endl;

	// Display Enemy information
	cout << "Your enemy has ";
	enemy.DisplayHealth();
	cout << " HP.\n" << endl;

	while (again == 'y' || again == 'Y')
	{
		// Player attack.
		player.Attack(enemy);

		// Enemy attack.
		cout << "Enemy's turn: ";
		enemy.Attack(player);

		if (enemy == 0 || player == 0)
			break;

		cout << "Enter 'y' to continue shooting, or 'n' to exit: ";
		cin >> again;
		again |= 32;

		while (again != 'n' && again != 'y')
		{
			cout << "Not a valid entry. Try again." << endl;
			cout << "Enter 'y' to continue shooting, or 'n' to exit: ";
			cin >> again;
		}
	}

	cout << "\nResults:" << endl;
	player.DisplayName();
	cout << " \b has: ";
	player.DisplayHealth();
	cout << " HP." << endl;
	cout << "The enemy has: "; 
	enemy.DisplayHealth();
	cout << " HP." << endl;

	if (player.health > enemy.health)
	{
		cout << "\nYou win!!!" << endl;
	}
	else if (player.health < enemy.health)
	{
		cout << "\nYou lose!" << endl;
	}
	else if (player.health == enemy.health)
	{
		cout << "\nIt's a draw!" << endl;
	}
	
	cout << "\nThanks for playing." << endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}
doug4 (1535)
Looks pretty good. A couple of suggestions.

You don't need the friend function. Instead, change lines 27-32 to 

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bool operator == (int x) // Actually, overloaded function
{
	return (health == x);
}


Also, line 159 is not really intuitive unless you know what you are looking for. Instead, use tolower: http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/cctype/tolower/
bandora (9)
Awesome!! I've changed those two and that works perfectly!! Thank you Doug for your help, I really appreciate it! :)
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