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LoadBitmapFromFile Issue

dwaseem (16)
I have been tinkering around with this code for the past couple of days. I am trying to create a bitmap brush, thus trying to load a bitmap from a file. I went through the msdn tutorials on how to do this, and it does not seem to work.

I bolded the line that I believe is the offending code. When stepping through the code, at the bolded line is where a Window pops-up with a blank screen.

*I have checked to make sure the file is in the same directory as the project.

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HRESULT LoadBitmapFromFile(
	ID2D1RenderTarget *pRenderTarget,
	IWICImagingFactory *pIWICFactory,
	PCWSTR uri,
	UINT destinationWidth,
	UINT destinationHeight,
	ID2D1Bitmap **ppBitmap
	)
{
	IWICBitmapDecoder *pDecoder = NULL;
	IWICBitmapFrameDecode *pSource = NULL;
	IWICStream *pStream = NULL;
	IWICFormatConverter *pConverter = NULL;
	IWICBitmapScaler *pScaler = NULL;

	HRESULT hr = pIWICFactory->CreateDecoderFromFilename(
		uri,
		NULL,
		GENERIC_READ,
		WICDecodeMetadataCacheOnLoad,
		&pDecoder
		);

	if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
	{
		// Create the initial frame.
		hr = pDecoder->GetFrame(0, &pSource);
	}
	if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
	{

		// Convert the image format to 32bppPBGRA
		// (DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM + D2D1_ALPHA_MODE_PREMULTIPLIED).
		hr = pIWICFactory->CreateFormatConverter(&pConverter);

	}


	if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
	{
		// If a new width or height was specified, create an
		// IWICBitmapScaler and use it to resize the image.
		if (destinationWidth != 0 || destinationHeight != 0)
		{
			UINT originalWidth, originalHeight;
			hr = pSource->GetSize(&originalWidth, &originalHeight);
			if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
			{
				if (destinationWidth == 0)
				{
					FLOAT scalar = static_cast<FLOAT>(destinationHeight) / static_cast<FLOAT>(originalHeight);
					destinationWidth = static_cast<UINT>(scalar * static_cast<FLOAT>(originalWidth));
				}
				else if (destinationHeight == 0)
				{
					FLOAT scalar = static_cast<FLOAT>(destinationWidth) / static_cast<FLOAT>(originalWidth);
					destinationHeight = static_cast<UINT>(scalar * static_cast<FLOAT>(originalHeight));
				}

				hr = pIWICFactory->CreateBitmapScaler(&pScaler);
				if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
				{
					hr = pScaler->Initialize(
						pSource,
						destinationWidth,
						destinationHeight,
						WICBitmapInterpolationModeCubic
						);
				}
				if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
				{
					hr = pConverter->Initialize(
						pScaler,
						GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppPBGRA,
						WICBitmapDitherTypeNone,
						NULL,
						0.f,
						WICBitmapPaletteTypeMedianCut
						);
				}
			}
		}
		else // Don't scale the image.
		{
			hr = pConverter->Initialize(
				pSource,
				GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppPBGRA,
				WICBitmapDitherTypeNone,
				NULL,
				0.f,
				WICBitmapPaletteTypeMedianCut
				);
		}
	}
	if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
	{

		// Create a Direct2D bitmap from the WIC bitmap.
		hr = pRenderTarget->CreateBitmapFromWicBitmap(
			pConverter,
			NULL,
			ppBitmap
			);
	}

	SafeRelease(&pDecoder);
	SafeRelease(&pSource);
	SafeRelease(&pStream);
	SafeRelease(&pConverter);
	SafeRelease(&pScaler);

	return hr;
}


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HRESULT CreateGraphics(HWND hWnd)
{
	// Initialize the Direct2D Factory.
	HRESULT hr;
	hr = D2D1CreateFactory(D2D1_FACTORY_TYPE_SINGLE_THREADED, &pD2DFactory);
	if (FAILED(hr))
	{
		MessageBox(HWND_DESKTOP, _T("ERROR: Failed to Create the Direct2D Factory."),
			_T("Direct2D Error"), MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
		return hr;
	}

	// Get the dimensions of the client.
	RECT rc;
	GetClientRect(hWnd, &rc);

	// Initialize a Direct2D Size Structure.
	D2D1_SIZE_U size = D2D1::SizeU(rc.right, rc.bottom);

	// Create the Direct2D Render Target.
	hr = pD2DFactory->CreateHwndRenderTarget(D2D1::RenderTargetProperties(),
		D2D1::HwndRenderTargetProperties(hWnd, size), &pRT);
	if (FAILED(hr))
	{
		MessageBox(HWND_DESKTOP, _T("ERROR: Failed to Create the Direct2D Render Target."),
			_T("Direct2D Error"), MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
		return hr;
	}
	pRT->SetDpi(96.0f, 96.0f);


	// Create the Direct2D Solid Color Brush.
	hr = pRT->CreateSolidColorBrush(D2D1::ColorF(0x0), &pBrush);
	if (FAILED(hr))
	{
		MessageBox(HWND_DESKTOP, _T("ERROR: Failed to Create the Direct2D Solid Color Brush."),
			_T("Direct2D Error"), MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
		return hr;
	}

	ID2D1GradientStopCollection *pGradientStops = NULL;

	D2D1_GRADIENT_STOP gradientStops[2];
	gradientStops[0].color = D2D1::ColorF(D2D1::ColorF::Red, 1);
	gradientStops[0].position = 0.0f;
	gradientStops[1].color = D2D1::ColorF(D2D1::ColorF::Black, 1);
	gradientStops[1].position = 1.0f;

	// Create the ID2D1GradientStopCollection from a previously
	// declared array of D2D1_GRADIENT_STOP structs.
	hr = pRT->CreateGradientStopCollection(
		gradientStops,
		ARRAYSIZE(gradientStops),
		D2D1_GAMMA_2_2,
		D2D1_EXTEND_MODE_CLAMP,
		&pGradientStops
		);
	if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
	{
		hr = pRT->CreateLinearGradientBrush(
			D2D1::LinearGradientBrushProperties(
			D2D1::Point2F(0, 600),
			D2D1::Point2F(0, 800)),
			D2D1::BrushProperties(),
			pGradientStops,
			&pGradient
			);
	}



	if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
	{
		// Create a bitmap by loading it from a file.
		hr = LoadBitmapFromFile(
			pRT,
			pWIC,
			L"space.bmp",
			100,
			100,
			&pBitmap
			);
	}

	// Initialize the DirectWrite Factory.
	hr = DWriteCreateFactory(DWRITE_FACTORY_TYPE_SHARED, __uuidof(IDWriteFactory),
		(IUnknown**)&pDWFactory);
	if (FAILED(hr))
	{
		MessageBox(HWND_DESKTOP, _T("ERROR: Failed to Create the DirectWrite Factory."),
			_T("DirectWrite Error"), MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
		return hr;
	}


	// Create the DirectWrite Text Format.
	hr = pDWFactory->CreateTextFormat(_T("Veranda"), NULL,
		DWRITE_FONT_WEIGHT_NORMAL, DWRITE_FONT_STYLE_NORMAL, DWRITE_FONT_STRETCH_NORMAL,
		24, _T(""), &pTF);
	if (FAILED(hr))
	{
		MessageBox(HWND_DESKTOP, _T("ERROR: Failed to Create the DirectWrite Text Format."),
			_T("DirectWrite Error"), MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
		return hr;
	}
	return S_OK;
}
AHCFan20 (41)
What is the value of hr after the bold line? Did you call CoInitialize() before?
Last edited on
dwaseem (16)
Yes, I call CoInitialize() and Uninitialize() in my WinMain.

I am not able to see the value of hr because once I step through it, the break stops and the program continues. I tried putting a breakpoint after the bold line, and it never reaches that break point. Here is my WinMain():

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int CALLBACK WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
					 HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
					 LPSTR lpCmdLine,
					 int nCmdShow)
{
	CoInitializeEx(NULL, COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED | COINIT_DISABLE_OLE1DDE);

	WNDCLASSEX wcex = {};
	wcex.cbSize = sizeof(wcex);
	wcex.cbClsExtra = 0;
	wcex.cbWndExtra = 0;
	wcex.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) (COLOR_WINDOW+1);
	wcex.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
	wcex.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
	wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
	wcex.hInstance = hInstance;
	wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
	wcex.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;		// identify which function will process messages
	wcex.lpszMenuName = MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDR_MENU1);
	wcex.lpszClassName = MAINWINCLASS;
	RegisterClassEx(&wcex);		// register the window

	HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(wcex.lpszClassName,	// handle to the window
		MAINWINTITLE,
		WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
		CW_USEDEFAULT,
		CW_USEDEFAULT,
		916,
		800,
		HWND_DESKTOP,
		NULL,
		hInstance,
		NULL);				
	if(!hWnd)		// ensure the window was created successfully
	{
		MessageBox(HWND_DESKTOP,
			ERRORMESSAGE1,
			MAINWINTITLE,
			MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
		return -1;

	}

	ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
	UpdateWindow(hWnd);		

	MSG msg = { };
	while(GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
	{
		TranslateMessage(&msg);
		DispatchMessage(&msg);
	}

	CoUninitialize();
	return msg.wParam;
}
S G H (2638)
Make sure your bitmap is 24-bit of depth. If you cannot open it with mspaint, try re-saving it. 1000th post!
Last edited on
dwaseem (16)
I just checked and mspaint can open it. Also the msdn example I am referencing uses a .jpg.
modoran (2077)
Do a MessageBox GetCurrentDirectory() to see if you really are in the same directory as the bitmap file.

Also check the result with FAILED() macro.
S G H (2638)
I don't think I can directly help you with winapi calls like that, but maybe you should try to load the bitmap manually?
AHCFan20 (41)
Does it work if you call CreateGraphics from WinMain?
Last edited on
dwaseem (16)
I tried calling CreateGraphics in WinMain and it gave me an access write violation at the same bolded spot.
dwaseem (16)
At line 16, in my original post (the bolded code), I place a breakpoint, and the program breaks like it should, and goes into to the debugger. As soon as I hit f10, to step through the code, an empty window pops-up, and the program steps out of the debugger. I can't see what hr is evaluating to because of this.

I tried calling CreateGraphics from WinMain, and it gives me an access write violation error at line 16. I think I am trying to write to NULL.

dwaseem (16)
Also, I do not know if I mentioned this, but I did put a break point after the offending code, for instance at line 107, but the compiler never breaks there, so it's actually never getting past the WIC factory creation.
AHCFan20 (41)
Could you post the full code? I'm at a loss for why that code would err. I thought perhaps something was going wrong in WM_CREATE where presumably you are calling CreateGraphics?
S G H (2638)
You cant in any way call CreateGraphics from WinMain without a window handle. If you are using your already-initialized HWND, there's no difference between what you already did.
dwaseem (16)
When I tried calling CreateGraphics in my WinMain it gave me an access right violation error and broke at the same spot.

Here is my code:
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using std::wostringstream;
using std::ostringstream;

#ifndef HINST_THISCOMPONENT
EXTERN_C IMAGE_DOS_HEADER __ImageBase;
#define HINST_THISCOMPONENT ((HINSTANCE)&__ImageBase)
#endif

// The SafeRelease Pattern
HRESULT CreateGraphics(HWND hWnd);
void DestroyGraphics(void);
// Programmer defined macro to make using the known colors easier.
#define D2DColor(clr) D2D1::ColorF(D2D1::ColorF::clr)

template <class T> void SafeRelease(T **ppT)
{
	if (*ppT)
	{
		(*ppT)->Release();
		*ppT = NULL;
	}
}


// DirectX Interfaces:
ID2D1Factory* pD2DFactory = NULL;
ID2D1HwndRenderTarget* pRT = NULL;
ID2D1SolidColorBrush *pBrush = NULL;
ID2D1LinearGradientBrush *pGradient = NULL;
ID2D1Bitmap *pBitmap = NULL;
IWICImagingFactory *pWIC = NULL;


D2D1_COLOR_F custom = D2DColor(CornflowerBlue); // Color used when clearing the background.
D2D1_POINT_2F mouse = D2D1::Point2F(0,0); // Position used to demonstrate clicking.

IDWriteFactory* pDWFactory = NULL;
IDWriteTextFormat* pTF = NULL;

// Forward Declarations:
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd,UINT uMsg,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam);
HRESULT LoadBitmapFromFile(
	ID2D1RenderTarget *pRenderTarget,
	IWICImagingFactory *pIWICFactory,
	PCWSTR uri,
	UINT destinationWidth,
	UINT destinationHeight,
	ID2D1Bitmap **ppBitmap
	);

int CALLBACK WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
					 HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
					 LPSTR lpCmdLine,
					 int nCmdShow)
{
	CoInitializeEx(NULL, COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED | COINIT_DISABLE_OLE1DDE);

	WNDCLASSEX wcex = {};
	wcex.cbSize = sizeof(wcex);
	wcex.cbClsExtra = 0;
	wcex.cbWndExtra = 0;
	wcex.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) (COLOR_WINDOW+1);
	wcex.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
	wcex.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
	wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
	wcex.hInstance = hInstance;
	wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
	wcex.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;		// identify which function will process messages
	wcex.lpszMenuName = MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDR_MENU1);
	wcex.lpszClassName = MAINWINCLASS;
	RegisterClassEx(&wcex);		// register the window

	HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(wcex.lpszClassName,	// handle to the window
		MAINWINTITLE,
		WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
		CW_USEDEFAULT,
		CW_USEDEFAULT,
		916,
		800,
		HWND_DESKTOP,
		NULL,
		hInstance,
		NULL);				
	if(!hWnd)		// ensure the window was created successfully
	{
		MessageBox(HWND_DESKTOP,
			ERRORMESSAGE1,
			MAINWINTITLE,
			MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
		return -1;

	}

	CreateGraphics(hWnd); // causes an access right violation

	ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
	UpdateWindow(hWnd);		

	MSG msg = { };
	while(GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
	{
		TranslateMessage(&msg);
		DispatchMessage(&msg);
	}

	CoUninitialize();
	return msg.wParam;
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(
	HWND hWnd,
	UINT uMsg,
	WPARAM wParam,
	LPARAM lParam
	)
{
	switch (uMsg)
	{
	case WM_CREATE:
		{
			HRESULT hr = CreateGraphics(hWnd);
			if (FAILED(hr))
			{
				return -1;
			}
		}
		break;
	case WM_DESTROY:
		DestroyGraphics();
		PostQuitMessage(0);
		break;
	case WM_PAINT:
		Paint(hWnd);
		break;
	case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
		LButtonClick(hWnd, wParam, lParam);
		break;
	case WM_COMMAND:
		OnCommand(hWnd, wParam, lParam);
		break;
	default:
		return DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
	}
}
HRESULT CreateGraphics(HWND hWnd)
{
	// Initialize the Direct2D Factory.
	HRESULT hr;
	hr = D2D1CreateFactory(D2D1_FACTORY_TYPE_SINGLE_THREADED, &pD2DFactory);
	if (FAILED(hr))
	{
		MessageBox(HWND_DESKTOP, _T("ERROR: Failed to Create the Direct2D Factory."),
			_T("Direct2D Error"), MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
		return hr;
	}
	// Get the dimensions of the client.
	RECT rc;
	GetClientRect(hWnd, &rc);

	// Initialize a Direct2D Size Structure.
	D2D1_SIZE_U size = D2D1::SizeU(rc.right, rc.bottom);

	// Create the Direct2D Render Target.
	hr = pD2DFactory->CreateHwndRenderTarget(D2D1::RenderTargetProperties(),
		D2D1::HwndRenderTargetProperties(hWnd, size), &pRT);
	if (FAILED(hr))
	{
		MessageBox(HWND_DESKTOP, _T("ERROR: Failed to Create the Direct2D Render Target."),
			_T("Direct2D Error"), MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
		return hr;
	}
	pRT->SetDpi(96.0f, 96.0f);


	// Create the Direct2D Solid Color Brush.
	hr = pRT->CreateSolidColorBrush(D2D1::ColorF(0x0), &pBrush);
	if (FAILED(hr))
	{
		MessageBox(HWND_DESKTOP, _T("ERROR: Failed to Create the Direct2D Solid Color Brush."),
			_T("Direct2D Error"), MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
		return hr;
	}

	ID2D1GradientStopCollection *pGradientStops = NULL;

	D2D1_GRADIENT_STOP gradientStops[2];
	gradientStops[0].color = D2D1::ColorF(D2D1::ColorF::Red, 1);
	gradientStops[0].position = 0.0f;
	gradientStops[1].color = D2D1::ColorF(D2D1::ColorF::Black, 1);
	gradientStops[1].position = 1.0f;

	// Create the ID2D1GradientStopCollection from a previously
	// declared array of D2D1_GRADIENT_STOP structs.
	hr = pRT->CreateGradientStopCollection(
		gradientStops,
		ARRAYSIZE(gradientStops),
		D2D1_GAMMA_2_2,
		D2D1_EXTEND_MODE_CLAMP,
		&pGradientStops
		);
	if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
	{
		hr = pRT->CreateLinearGradientBrush(
			D2D1::LinearGradientBrushProperties(
			D2D1::Point2F(0, 600),
			D2D1::Point2F(0, 800)),
			D2D1::BrushProperties(),
			pGradientStops,
			&pGradient
			);
	}

	hr = CoCreateInstance(
		CLSID_WICImagingFactory,
		NULL,
		CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER,
		IID_PPV_ARGS(&pWIC)
		);

		// Create a bitmap by loading it from a file.
		hr = LoadBitmapFromFile(
			pRT,
			pWIC,
			L"space.bmp",
			0,
			0,
			&pBitmap
			);

	// Initialize the DirectWrite Factory.

	hr = DWriteCreateFactory(DWRITE_FACTORY_TYPE_SHARED, __uuidof(IDWriteFactory),
		(IUnknown**)&pDWFactory);
	if (FAILED(hr))
	{
		MessageBox(HWND_DESKTOP, _T("ERROR: Failed to Create the DirectWrite Factory."),
			_T("DirectWrite Error"), MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
		return hr;
	}


	// Create the DirectWrite Text Format.
	hr = pDWFactory->CreateTextFormat(_T("Veranda"), NULL,
		DWRITE_FONT_WEIGHT_NORMAL, DWRITE_FONT_STYLE_NORMAL, DWRITE_FONT_STRETCH_NORMAL,
		24, _T(""), &pTF);
	if (FAILED(hr))
	{
		MessageBox(HWND_DESKTOP, _T("ERROR: Failed to Create the DirectWrite Text Format."),
			_T("DirectWrite Error"), MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
		return hr;
	}
	return S_OK;
}

HRESULT LoadBitmapFromFile(
	ID2D1RenderTarget *pRenderTarget,
	IWICImagingFactory *pIWICFactory,
	PCWSTR uri,
	UINT destinationWidth,
	UINT destinationHeight,
	ID2D1Bitmap **ppBitmap
	)
{
	IWICBitmapDecoder *pDecoder = NULL;
	IWICBitmapFrameDecode *pSource = NULL;
	IWICStream *pStream = NULL;
	IWICFormatConverter *pConverter = NULL;
	IWICBitmapScaler *pScaler = NULL;



	HRESULT hr = pIWICFactory->CreateDecoderFromFilename(
		uri,
		NULL,
		GENERIC_READ,
		WICDecodeMetadataCacheOnLoad,
		&pDecoder
		);

	if(FAILED(hr))
	{
		MessageBox(HWND_DESKTOP, _T("ERROR: Failed to Create the iWIC factory."),
			_T("DirectWrite Error"), MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
	}

	if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
	{
		// Create the initial frame.
		hr = pDecoder->GetFrame(0, &pSource);
	}

	if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
	{

		// Convert the image format to 32bppPBGRA
		// (DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM + D2D1_ALPHA_MODE_PREMULTIPLIED).
		hr = pIWICFactory->CreateFormatConverter(&pConverter);

	}


	if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
	{
		hr = pConverter->Initialize(
			pSource,
			GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppPBGRA,
			WICBitmapDitherTypeNone,
			NULL,
			0.f,
			WICBitmapPaletteTypeMedianCut
			);}
	if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
	{

		// Create a Direct2D bitmap from the WIC bitmap.
		hr = pRenderTarget->CreateBitmapFromWicBitmap(
			pConverter,
			NULL,
			ppBitmap
			);
	}

	SafeRelease(&pDecoder);
	SafeRelease(&pSource);
	SafeRelease(&pStream);
	SafeRelease(&pConverter);
	SafeRelease(&pScaler);

	return hr;
}

void DestroyGraphics(void)
{
	SafeRelease(&pTF);
	SafeRelease(&pBitmap);
	SafeRelease(&pWIC);
	SafeRelease(&pGradient);
	SafeRelease(&pBrush);
	SafeRelease(&pDWFactory);
	SafeRelease(&pRT);
	SafeRelease(&pD2DFactory);
}
AHCFan20 (41)
The WIC imaging factory was never created, therefore it was NULL when you tried to use it.

Use CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER instead of CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER and the error goes away. See the description of these flags:

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms693716(v=vs.85).aspx
dwaseem (16)
Thanks for all the help.

I figured it out, it was a combination of the CLSCTC_INPROC_SERVER and CLSID_WICImagingFactory needed to be CLSID_WICImagingFactory1 for Visual Studio 2012
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