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How do advanced text editors like vim,nano... work???

MaBunny (66)
How do advanced text editors like vim or nano work???
I'm trying to make myself a text editor as a project....and it'll not be a replacement for those spelled above.It's just a fun project.

I'm trying to understand the concepts behind these type of programs.Any weblinks or useful resources on the web will be acknowledged,Sir!!!

As an example,heres some of my code:-
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#ifndef FILE_READER_HPP_INCLUDED
#define FILE_READER_HPP_INCLUDED

#define NDEBUG

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <cassert>

class Reader
{
private:
    std::string filename;
protected:
    std::fstream fio;
    std::string input,output;
public:
    Reader();
    Reader(std::string &a);
    ~Reader();
    void getfilename(std::string &a);
    //std::string Input();
    void Input();
    void Output();
};

Reader :: Reader()
{
    filename = " ";
    input = " ";
    output = " ";
}

Reader :: Reader(std::string &a)
{
    filename = a;
    input = " ";
    output = " ";
}

Reader :: ~Reader() {}

void Reader :: getfilename(std::string &a)
{
    filename = a;
}

/* 
string  Reader :: Input()
{
     string temp;
     fio.open(filename.c_str(),ios::in|ios::binary);
     
     if(fio.fail())
         throw "Unable to open file !!!\n";
     
     else 
     {
         while(!fio.eof())
         {
             fio.getline(input,256,"/n");
             temp +=input;
         }
     }
     fio.close();
     return temp;
}
*/

void Reader :: Input()
{
    fio.open(filename.c_str(),std::ios::in|std::ios::binary);
     
     if(fio.fail())
         throw "Unable to open file !!!\n";
     
     else 
     {
         while(!fio.eof())
         {
             assert(std::getline(fio,input)) ;
	     std::cout<<input<<std::endl;
         }
     }
     fio.close();
}

void Reader :: Output()
{
    fio.open(filename.c_str(),std::ios::out|std::ios::binary);
    
    if(fio.fail())
        throw "Unable to open file !!!\n";
    
    else 
    {
        while(!fio.eof())
        {
	    assert(std::getline(std::cin,output,'\n'));
	    std::cin.clear();
	    assert(fio<<output<<std::endl);
        }
    }
    fio.close();
}

#endif

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------


#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include "File_Reader.hpp"

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    try
    {
        Reader *r = new Reader;
        string s;
    cout<<"Enter the file name to open....\n";
    cin>>s;
    r->getfilename(s);
    int ch = 0;
    while(1)
    {
       cout<<"1: Write to the file \n"
           <<"2: Read from the file \n"
           <<"3: Exit from the program \n";
       cout<<"Enter choice .... \n";
       cin>>ch;
       switch(ch)
       {
          case 1: 
             cin.clear();
             r->Output();
             break;
          case 2:
             r->Input();
             break;
          case 3:
             cout<<"Thank you !!!\n";
             return 0;
             break;
          default: 
             cout<<"Wrong Choice !!!\n";
             break;
        }
    }
   
    delete r;
    }
    catch(string &e) { cout<<e<<endl; }
    
    return 0;
}


This is the code I've written so far.
Pls reply with suggestions and some good articles....
Very thnx to all for reading :D
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