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#include "std_lib_facilities.h";
class Token{
public:
char kind; // what kind of token
double value; // for numbers: a value
Token(char ch) // make a Token from a char
:kind(ch), value(0) { }
Token(char ch, double val) // make a Token from a char and a double
:kind(ch), value(val) { }
};
class Token_stream {
public:
Token_stream(); // make a Token_stream that reads from cin
Token get(); // get a Token (get() is defined elsewhere)
void putback(Token t); // put a Token back
private:
bool full; // is there a Token in the buffer?
Token buffer; // here is where we keep a Token put back using putback()
};
// The constructor just sets full to indicate that the buffer is empty:
Token_stream::Token_stream()
:full(false), buffer(0) // no Token in buffer
{
}
// The putback() member function puts its argument back into the Token_stream's buffer:
void Token_stream::putback(Token t)
{
if (full) error("putback() into a full buffer");
buffer = t; // copy t to buffer
full = true; // buffer is now full
}
Token Token_stream::get()
{
if (full) { // do we already have a Token ready?
// remove token from buffer
full = false;
return buffer;
}
char ch;
cin >> ch; // note that >> skips whitespace (space, newline, tab, etc.)
switch (ch) {
case '=': // for "print"
case 'x': // for "quit"
case '(': case ')': case '+': case '-': case '*': case '/': case '{': case '}': case '!':
return Token(ch); // let each character represent itself
case '.':
case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
case '5': case '6': case '7': case '9':
{
cin.putback(ch); // put digit back into the input stream
double val;
cin >> val; // read a floating-point number
return Token('8', val); // let '8' represent "a number"
}
default:
error("Bad token");
}
}
Token_stream ts; // provides get() and putback()
double expression(); // declaration so that primary() can call expression()
// deal with numbers and parentheses
double primary()
{
Token t = ts.get();
switch (t.kind) {
case '(': // handle '(' expression ')'
{
double d = expression();
t = ts.get();
if (t.kind != ')') error("')' expected");
return d;
}
case '{': // handle '(' expression ')'
{
double d = expression();
t = ts.get();
if (t.kind != '}') error("'}' expected");
return d;
}
case '8': // we use '8' to represent a number
return t.value; // return the number's value
default:
error("primary expected");
}
}
// deal with !
double factorial()
{
double left = primary();
Token t = ts.get();
while (true)
{
switch (t.kind)
{
case '!': // t.value must be a positive integer
if (t.value < 0) error("negative value for factorial");
if (t.value == 0){
left = 1; // 0! = 1
}
else{
for (int i = int(t.value)-1; i > 0; i--){
left *= i;
}
}
t = ts.get();
break;
default:
ts.putback(t);
return left;
}
}
}
// deal with *, /, and %
double term()
{
double left = factorial();
Token t = ts.get(); // get the next token from token stream
while (true) {
switch (t.kind) {
case '*':
left *= primary();
t = ts.get();
break;
case '/':
{
double d = primary();
if (d == 0) error("divide by zero");
left /= d;
t = ts.get();
break;
}
default:
ts.putback(t); // put t back into the token stream
return left;
}
}
}
// deal with + and -
double expression()
{
double left = term(); // read and evaluate a Term
Token t = ts.get(); // get the next token from token stream
while (true) {
switch (t.kind) {
case '+':
left += term(); // evaluate Term and add
t = ts.get();
break;
case '-':
left -= term(); // evaluate Term and subtract
t = ts.get();
break;
default:
ts.putback(t); // put t back into the token stream
return left; // finally: no more + or -: return the answer
}
}
}
int main(){
try
{
cout << "Welcome to our simple calculator.\n"
<< "Please enter expressions using floating-point numbers.\n"
<< "We accept +, -, *, /, ( ), { }, and !.\n\n";
double val{ 0 };
while (cin) {
Token t = ts.get();
if (t.kind == 'x') break; // 'q' for quit
if (t.kind == '=') // ';' for "print now"
cout << "=" << val << '\n';
else
{
ts.putback(t);
val = expression();
}
}
keep_window_open();
}
catch (exception& e) {
cerr << "error: " << e.what() << '\n';
keep_window_open("~1");
return 1;
}
catch (...) {
cerr << "Oops: unknown exception!\n";
keep_window_open("~2");
return 2;
}
}
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