The header <climits> defines a set of manifest (#define) constants.
The header <limits.h> is deprecated, including it has the same effect as placing names from <climits> in the global namespace.
The preprocessor does not understand scoping rules, and for this particular header (which defines constants defined with #define), there is no practical difference between the two; except that the header <limits.h> may be removed from C++ in a future revision.